Lise Meitner

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the decisive role of one of the great 20th Century physicists in solving the question of nuclear fission. It is said that Meitner (1878-1968) made this breakthrough over Christmas 1938 while she was sitting on a log in Sweden during a snowy walk with her nephew Otto Frisch (1904-79). Both were Jewish-Austrian refugees who had only recently escaped from Nazi Germany. Others had already broken uranium into the smaller atom barium, but could not explain what they found; was the larger atom bursting, or the smaller atom being chipped off or was something else happening? They turned to Meitner. She, with Frisch, deduced the nucleus really was splitting like a drop of water into a dumbbell shape, with the electrical charges at each end forcing the divide, something previously thought impossible, and they named this ‘fission’. This was a crucial breakthrough for which Meitner was eventually widely recognised if not at first.

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Guests

• Jess Wade No other episodes
  A Royal Society University Research Fellow and Lecturer in Functional Materials at Imperial College, London
• Professor Frank Close 16 episodes
  Professor Emeritus of Theoretical Physics and Fellow Emeritus at Exeter College, University of Oxford
• Professor Steven Bramwell 3 episodes
  Director of the London Centre for Nanotechnology and Professor of Physics at University College London

Reading list

• Destroyer of Worlds: The Deep History of the Nuclear Age, 1895-1965
  Frank Close (Allen Lane, 2025)
• Lise Meitner: A Life in Physics
  Ruth Lewin Sime (University of California Press, 1996) Google Books →
• The Woman Who Split the Atom: The Life of Lise Meitner
  Marissa Moss (Abrams Books, 2022) Google Books →
• Lise Meitner and the Dawn of the Nuclear Age
  Patricia Rife (Birkhauser Verlag, 1999) Google Books →

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Programme ID: m002bt7s

Episode page: bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002bt7s

Auto-category: 539.7 (Nuclear physics)